HomeMy WebLinkAboutMinutes P&Z 091202CITY OF PALM BEACH GARDENS
PLANNING AND ZONING COMMISSION
REGULAR MEETING
September 12, 2002
MINUTES
The Regular Meeting of the Planning and Zoning Commission of the City of Palm Beach Gardens,
Florida, was called to order by Chair Craig Kunkle at 6:30 P.M. in the Council Chambers of the
Municipal Complex, 10500 North Military Trail, Palm Beach Gardens, Florida, and opened with the
Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag.
REPORT BY GROWTH MANAGEMENT DIRECTOR
Growth Management Director Charles Wu reported that the City Council had approved the
following projects at their August 15, 2002 meeting: Frenchman's Reserve Pod B and San
Matera sign package. Also on August 15 nonconforming land uses were removed from the
Comprehensive Plan and LDR's; and a CRALLS amendment for PGA Boulevard was approved.
Comprehensive Plan amendments for Northlake Corridor and Zoning regulations for the
Northlake Corridor were approved at the City Council meeting on September 4. Also on
September 4 the Council approved the Evergrene Parcel 3 cluster homes project with
modifications.
APPROVAL OF MINUTES
Meeting minutes of August 27, 2002: Mr. Ansay made a motion to approve the minutes of the August
6, 2002 meeting as submitted. Mr. Volonte seconded the motion, which carried by unanimous 7 -0
vote.
ROLL CALL
Betty Laur, Secretary for the meeting, called the roll for the Planning and Zoning Commission and Land
Development Regulations Committee:
Present
Absent
Craig Kunkle, Jr., Chairman Joel Channing
Vice Chairman Barry Present
Chairman Pro Tem John Glidden arrived at 6:40 p.m.
Dick Ansay
Planning & Zoning Commission Minutes
September 12, 2002
Dennis Solomon
Steven Tarr
Alternate Ernest Volonte
Alternate Douglas Pennell
Also present were Growth Management Director Charles Wu, Principal Planner Talal Benothman,
Senior Planner Ed Tombari, Planner Natalie Wong, City Forester Mark Hendrickson, and City Attorney
Len Rubin.
SWEARING IN OF SPEAKERS
The City Attorney swore in all those present who intended to speak.
EX -PARTE COMMUNICATION
No ex -parte communication was reported.
PLANNING AND ZONING COMMISSION
Consideration of Approval
Petition SP- 02 -15: Minor Site Plan Review -for Sunoco Station at 9730 Alt. A -1 A
A request by Claudia Gill of Orange State Industries, on behalf of Gerald J. Donnini, for
approval of name and color changes to the existing gas station and signage to reflect the company
change to Sunoco. The site is located at the northeast corner of Alternate AIA and Lighthouse
Drive and is approximately 0. 72 acres in size.
The Commission had no comments or questions.
MOTION:
Mr. Present made a motion to approve Petition SP -02 -15 with the following conditions:
1. The car wash sign placed on the building shall consist of channel letters and conform to
the sign code.
2. No additional signs shall be installed on the property unless the City grants prior
approval.
3. All other signage that is not listed on Exhibit A, including but not limited to: Banners,
2
Planning & Zoning Commission Minutes
September 12, 2002
neon signs, and additional wall or ground signs currently existing on site shall be taken
down.
Mr. Ansay seconded the motion, which carried by unanimous 7 -0 vote.
MOTION:
Mr. Volonte made a motion to rearrange the agenda to move to the Land Development
Regulations Commission portion of the agenda. Mr. Ansay seconded the motion, which carried by
unanimous 7 -0 vote.
LAND DEVELOPMENT REGULATIONS COMMISSION
Workshop
Petition LDR- 02 -05: Land Development Regulations Amendment
City staff is seeking direction from the Land Development Regulations Commission on amending
certain sections of the Land Development Regulations, as they relate to telecommunication towers
and related facilities.
Senior Planner Edward Tombari reviewed the staff report, which included problems encountered when
the Westwood Gardens tower had been considered, as well as proposed language to fix the problems
Mr. Glidden arrived at this point in the meeting at 6:40 p.m.
Mr. Tarr expressed his opinion that the proposed language opened the door to placing two towers on a
site. Mr. Tombari explained that since the LDR's required 100' between towers it would not be possible
to place two towers on one site. It was reported that the Westwood Gardens flagpole had been installed.
It was suggested that a subcommittee have one meeting with staff to discuss changes to the proposed
draft language and then bring this item back before the Commission. Mr. Solomon and Mr. Ansay
agreed to serve as the subcommittee to meet with staff. Chair Kunkle recommended cellular industry
representatives be contacted to find out what the ideal grid would be for their boundaries in order to
work well and have minimum impact, and noted that the City's telecommunications regulations might
have to be adjusted in order to get a working system. Chair Kunkle summarized that technical
information was needed from the industry, the area a tower covered needed to be clarified, and a
geographic grid worked out; and that Mr. Solomon and Mr. Ansay would meet with staff and a final
draft would be presented to the Commission within 30 days.
Mr. Pennell stepped down in order to allow Mr. Glidden to be seated.
N
Planning & Zoning Commission Minutes
September 12, 2002
PLANNING AND ZONING COMMISSION
Recommendation to City Council
Petition SP- 02 -02D: Old Palm Golf Club Parcel D Site Plan
A request by Samantha Gregory of Urban Design Studio, on behalf of WCI Communities, Inc., to
allow for the construction of 110 semi - custom single-family units within a 42.88 -acre pod located
within the Old Palm Golf Club Planned Community Development (PCD). Old Palm Golf Club
PCD is bounded by Westwood Gardens residential community to the north, the Ronald Regan
Turnpike to the west, central Boulevard to the east, and by PGA Boulevard to the south.
Planner Natalie Wong presented the project and requested approval of 7 waivers and 6 conditions of
approval.
Hank Skokowski spoke on behalf of the petitioner and presented materials samples. Mr. Ansay
questioned how the water would be made to circulate, to which the response was it was basically a
fountain. Chris Joiner, Senior Designer and Architect, described the materials and where they would
be used, and responded to Mr. Solomon that there would be spark arresters on the chimneys. Mr.
Glidden suggested extending trim farther back on the sides on three front elevations —plan 1, plan 4,
and plan 5. Chair Kunkle requested addition of more landscaping to buffer the project from Central
Boulevard, and to use 12' -14' oaks in front of 2 -story buildings. Mr. Skokowski agreed. All of the
Commissioners indicated they were pleased with this project.
MOTION:
Mr. Tarr made a motion to recommend to City Council approval of Petition SP- 02 -02D with
waivers as recommended by staff and the following conditions:
1. Prior to issuance of the first residential sale, the petitioner shall provide all homeowners
association documents language for review and approval by the City Attorney and City
Forester, including language designed to protect a designated shade tree on each lot for
a formal street tree community program.
2. The applicant, successor, or assigns shall consider the following Crime Prevention
Through Environmental Design (CPTED) guidelines:
(a) If the front entry door is a solid door and has a side panel window, the side
window should be located on the opposite side of the door handle and door lock.
(b) All sides of the house, including porch areas, are to be equipped with electrical
outlets to help facilitate motion sensor security lighting.
F11
Planning & Zoning Commission Minutes
September 12, 2002
(c) Entry doors that swing inward are to be equipped with metal frames or other
protective measures to "target harden" the doorway and discourage forced
entry. (Double doors, glass doors, or specialty doors are exempt from this
provision).
(d) Out - swinging exterior doors are to be equipped with security hinges.
(e) Alarm panels are to be kept out of view from windows.
3. Prior to the issuance of the first Certificate of Occupancy, street trees and street lights
shall be field located to avoid conflicts between lights and landscaping, including long
term tree canopy growth.
4. Prior to the issuance of the first Certificate of Occupancy, the applicant shall make
provisions in the homeowners association documents to provide means of access to rear
yards through common areas, lake maintenance easements and golf course areas, as
applicable, for future construction or reconstruction by an owner, if access is not
possible within the owner's property. Such access shall be subject to limitations,
conditions, restrictions and requirements, determined by the association and
governmental entities having jurisdiction.
5. Prior to City Council review, outstanding landscape issues shall be resolved with the
City Forester based on the memo dated August 20, 2002.
6. There shall be no impacts to the adjacent preserve by the developer of Parcel D. A
bulkhead shall be used if necessary to allow grade changes between the rear lots and
preserve.
Motion was seconded by Mr. Solomon, which carried by unanimous 7 -0 vote.
Recommendation to City Council
Petition MISC- 02 -05: Evergrene Master Signage Program
A request by Samantha Gregory of Urban Design Studio, on behalf of WCI Communities, Inc.,
for approval of a Master Sign Program for the Evergrene Planned Community District (PCD).
The Master Sign Program proposes 27 signs throughout the community for identification and
directional purposes. The site is located at the southwest corner of Alternate AIA and Donald
Ross Road.
Senior Planner Ed Tombari presented the staff report, which recommended approval with 2
conditions of approval. Mr. Present asked if there was a master plan for where City gateway signs
were to be located. Mr. Tombari indicated that the Beautification and Environmental Committee had
located some gateway signs and it was the intent of the City Council to have an entry feature at this
M
Planning & Zoning Commission Minutes
September 12, 2002
location. Mr. Tombari commented he would investigate this matter with the Beautification and
Environmental Committee. The two faces of the monument sign at the entrance to the development
were described.
Hank Skokowski, agent for the applicant, displayed materials samples and indicated willingness to
participate in a gateway sign, however, was opposed to the lengthy process that might be involved.
Chair Kunkle advised that the applicant should take that matter up with City Council. Mr.
Skokowski described the proposed corner monument columns which would have an oval graphic.
Mr. Glidden asked if anyone coordinated gateway signs on different projects. Growth Management
Director Charles Wu indicated the City's intent was to frame more corners as entrances into the City.
The exact size and design of the signs was not yet known, but a condition of approval would require
the signs and when the design was known then they could be installed. Mr. Wu explained that
gateway signage locations were at both corners of Central Boulevard, both corners of Military Trail,
the Evergrene corner at the corner on Alternate AlA, and MacArthur Boulevard. Mr. Glidden asked
if this sign were approved whether the City could subsequently make design modifications. Mr.
Tombari responded that the applicant would revise the sign key plan to indicate the corner would be
"to be determined "and would be considered in this individual separate process. Mr. Skokowski
indicated that was understood. Mr. Glidden commented that the signs for the neighborhood parcels
were not the same. Mr. Skokowski those were an intentionally designed differently. The scale of the
neighborhood signs was discussed and the applicant indicated that those signs would have letters no
larger than 3" to 4 ".
MOTION:
Mr. Glidden made a motion to recommend to City Council approval of Petition MISC -02 -05
with the following conditions as recommended by staff:
1. Prior to the issuance of the first certificate of occupancy for any residential building, the
applicant shall submit an application for administrative approval of the light pole
elevations and manufacturer's cut sheets for a specific light pole design for Growth
Management Department review and approval.
2. Within six (6) months of the effective date of this resolution, the applicant shall submit a
new application to the Growth Management Department, indicating the location and
elevations of a "City Gateway" sign, to be located at the southeast corner of Donald
Ross Road and Military Trail. Prior to approval of said sign by the City Council, the
Planning and Zoning Commission and the Beautification and Environmental
Committee shall review the "City Gateway" sign and make recommendations to the
City Council.
Motion was seconded by Mr. Ansay and carried by unanimous 7 -0 vote.
Planning & Zoning Commission Minutes
September 12, 2002
Workshop
Petition SP- 01 -03: Downtown at the Gardens —Parcels 27.12 & 27.14
A request by Don Hearing of Codeur Hearing, on behalf of Menin, Inc., for site plan approval of
a development, to be known as Downtown at the Gardens, consisting of office and retail uses on
an approximately 35 -acre parcel located at the southeast corner of the intersection of Gardens
Parkway and Alternate A]A within the Regional Center Development of Regional Impact.
Mr. Glidden stepped down due to conflict of interest, and Mr. Pennell was seated.
Principal Planner Talal Benothman presented the project. Mr. Pennell indicated there was a need for
an entrance on Alternate A1A. Mr. Benothman explained there was excess parking. Mr. Ansay
commented regarding on- street parking on Victoria Gardens Drive that he was wondering if there
could be some type of designation of the walkway area, and stated he did not think walking was
compatible with the on- street parking. Mr. Benothman advised there was a pathway around the
entire lake to provide an opportunity for walking.
Don Hearing introduced the applicant's project team and explained how the buildings were designed
to engage the lake. Mr. Hearing indicated that on- street parking would provide traffic calming and at
the same time create excitement that something was happening, and described vehicle connections
and pedestrian connections. Two restaurants were located at the edge of the lake. The applicant
planned to provide a bridge over the lake for pedestrian access east to west to and from the Gardens
Mall. Mr. Hearing described the proposed central plaza and proposed signage types. Mr. Hearing
commented that the applicant would like to provide signage on PGA Boulevard. Keith Spina and
William Caldwell presented the architecture and requested input from the Commission. Mr.
Caldwell reviewed the overall site plan, and the Commission indicated they had no architectural
questions. Mr. Hearing reviewed the requested waivers. Mr. Hearing explained that the applicant
wished to move 166 residential units to the east side of the lake which would required a NOPC
(Notice of Proposed Change) which must be approved by the Treasure Coast Regional Planning
Council. A right turn out onto Alternate A1A was discussed. Mr. Hearing indicated that the
applicant desired an increase in the retail cap of the conversion matrix and equivalency of retail
versus theater. Chair Kunkle called attention to the religious /liquor waiver requested, to which Mr.
Hearing responded that the waiver was requested in the event of a church being adjacent to the
project. Mr. Tarr commented that the project looked great and it was in the right location within the
City. Mr. Tarr suggested that the east side of the lake would be a great location for the Borland
Center. Mr. Tarr indicated he had no problems with the requested waivers; that his issues would be
community issues. Mr. Tarr noted there needed to be a security plan since this would be a hangout
for all kinds of people on weekend nights and that plan should be in the conditions of approval. Mr.
Tarr indicated that Friday and Saturday nights would be peak traffic times, and his main issues were
security, sufficient parking, and traffic. The plan looked tight in one place where there was an
7
Planning & Zoning Commission Minutes
September 12, 2002
alleyway between the buildings. Mr. Tarr commented that landscaping needed to allow good
visibility in parking areas and in any hidden areas for security purposes, and the project should be
planned appropriately to minimize trouble. Mr. Tarr commented if one could drive down the road
and watch the video on the building that could be a traffic hazard. Mr. Hearing responded that
motorists would not be able to see it. Mr. Ansay asked if the walkway around the lake would have a
hard surface. Mr. Hearing indicated that the overall lake plan contained pavers and concrete of some
type, that there was hardscape access all the way around the lake and over to the mall, and described
the hard edged areas that would have a bulkhead like a seawall so people could go right up to the
lake. Mr. Ansay inquired how wide Victoria Gardens Drive was, to which Mr. Hearing responded
that the right -of -way was 50' wide, 5' minimum sidewalks were required on both sides. Parking
along the roadway was 9' wide. Travel lanes were 22' wide which was the standard DOT roadway
width. Mr. Present inquired if encroachments had been discussed with Northern Palm Beach County
Improvement District. Mr. Hearing advised that the applicant had been in contact with Northern
and they were very supportive of the applicant creating public access on their land. Mr. Hearing
described how land spaces would be traded. Mr. Hearing advised that all drainage requirements had
been met and the applicant was increasing the surface water of the lake to benefit the area, which the
Northern board would have to approve. Northern would not allow small pleasure boats, but
fountains were proposed. Mr. Present commented that the proposed signage was not consistent with
the MacArthur Center, to which Mr. Hearing responded there was a master signage program but
other projects had made modifications so the applicant did not think this would be a problem. Mr.
Present advised that the applicant could be more creative with signage in the pods. Mr. Present
commented that the City engineer had a lot of questions that were not satisfied. Mr. Hearing
responded that almost all had now been addressed, and that the parking, utility, and easement issued
all had been addressed. Mr. Present commented on maximum height and requested perspectives
from different angles. Mr. Present requested a view of the outdoor kiosk also be presented at the
next meeting and commented he would like a better feel for the color keyed buildings. Mr. Hearing
responded that the buildings shown in dark tan were 2- story, that the theater was on the second floor
with retail on the first floor. There were covered balconies which connected the 2 -story areas. Mr.
Solomon commented this was a very exciting project and requested that the applicant think about
parking for the east side of the lake since there might not be room for sufficient parking for the size
of the proposed office and hotel. Mr. Hearing indicated total parking spaces would be 1540. Mr.
Solomon indicated he believed the handicap parking needed to be 2 %, and Mr. Hearing commented
more than 2% was provided but he would check the requirement. Mr. Solomon requested extra
handicap parking. Mr. Solomon requested one graphic with an overlay showing 9 -1/2' spaces. Mr.
Solomon asked the size of the community gathering space. Mr. Hearing responded it was close to
40,000 s.f. and must be 30,000 per the NOPC. Mr. Solomon asked if this plan met the original
intent, to which the response was yes. Mr. Solomon requested the differential between the high
point down to the lake with plenty of ramps for handicap access, and the applicant agreed, also to
consider the materials used on walking paths. Mr. Solomon commented the amphitheater was a
good idea, and to consider an open design with a high roof in order not to block the great view.
Ingress and egress from Alternate A1A was discussed. Mr. Hearing advised there were no median
Planning & Zoning Commission Minutes
September 12, 2002
openings, so there would be no left turn, and that the proposed access had to go through the NOPC
process, which the applicant was working on at the present time. Mr. Hearing indicated the signage
was not yet designed and would be brought back to the Commission but they would want standards
in consistency with some individuality. Mr. Hearing indicated utilizing the piazza with the large
LED display wall was one possibility for Art in Public Places. Mr. Hearing explained that the bridge
across the lake was desired with the residential units moved to the east side of the lake. Mr. Hearing
explained that hard surface around the lake was limited to 40% by South Florida Water Management
District and they were very close to that, so if another developer came in they would not be able to
have very much hard surface. Mr. Volonte asked if the parking requirements included the parking
on Victoria Gardens Drive, to which the response was affirmative, and if that parking was eliminated
the parking requirements would still be met, but the applicant desired that parking. Mr. Pennell
asked if there was a parking lot for buildings H, I and J, to which Mr. Hearing responded they were
trying to create a stronger pedestrian linkage with two accesses on Kyoto. Mr. Hearing confirmed
that the sign for PGA Boulevard would have to be approved. Chair Kunkle commented he hoped the
walking area surfaces were unfriendly to skateboards. Chair Kunkle asked if covered parking was
proposed, to which Mr. Hearing responded that had not been discussed. Chair Kunkle advised the
applicant not to come back with an awning. Chair Kunkle asked if restaurant outdoor seating was
planned, and cautioned not to allow outdoor seating to interfere with walkways. Mr. Kunkle stated
he had no problem with the proposed waivers or requested NOPC approvals. Chair Kunkle
requested more initial landscape installation to create a buffer barrier from Alternate AlA right from
the beginning. Mr. Hearing advised that the two firm leases at this point were Cobb Theaters and
Whole Foods.
OLD BUSINESS
Mr. Present requested a status on the strip mall on Military Trail, which Mr. Wu advised he believed
that project was not going to be continued, and staff would check.
NEW BUSINESS
Mr. Tarr noted there were a lot of large real estate leasing signs along PGA Boulevard and asked if
those were allowed, to which Mr. Wu responded staff would check.
Mr. Tarr asked if all changes in building color had to be approved by the Commission, to which Mr.
Wu responded it was up to staff.
Mr. Tarr noted for the Old Palm project that screen enclosures were required to be bronze with black
screens and indicated he hoped staff did not get the impression that this Commission did not want
any white screen enclosures since he believed the Board had made a mistake and he preferred white.
51
Planning & Zoning Commission Minutes
September 12, 2002
Mr. Wu advised that was not the case, but staff should do research on the history of the screen color
and provide a memo at the next meeting.
10
Planning & Zoning Commission Minutes
September 12, 2002
ADJOURNMENT
There being no further business, the meeting was adjourned at 8:55 p.m. The next regular meeting will
be held September 24, 2002.
APPR OVFT)-
Craig Kunkle, Jr., Chair
eY _
Steven Tar
Jetty Laur, ecretary for the Meeting
11
'
FORM 813 MEMORANDUM OF VOTING CONFLICT FOR
COUNTY, MUNICIPAL, AND OTHER LOCAL PUBLIC OFFICERS
LAST NAME - FIRST NAME - MIDDLE NAME
NAME OF BOARD, COUNCIL, COMMISSION, AUTHORITY OR COMMITTEE
GLIDDEN, JOHN
PLANNING & ZONING COMMISSION
MAILING ADDRESS
THE BOARD, COUNCIL, COMMISSION, AUTHORITY OR COMMITTEE ON WHICH I SERVE IS A
8 HUNTLY CIRCLE
UNIT OF:
X CITY COUNTY OTHER LOCAL AGENCY
CITY PALM BEACH GARDENS COUNTY PALM BEACH
NAME OF POLITICAL SUBDIVISION:
CITY OF PALM BEACH GARDENS
DATE ON WHICH VOTE OCCURRED SEPTEMBER 12, 2002
MY POSITION IS: ELECTIVE X APPOINTIVE
WHO MUST FILE FORM 88
This form is for use by any person serving at the county, city or other local level of government on an appointed or elected
board, council, commission, authority, or committee. It applies equally to members of advisory and non - advisory bodies who
are presented with a voting conflict of interest under Section 112.3143, Florida Statutes. The requirements of this law are
mandatory; although the use of this particular form is not required by law, you are encouraged to use it in making the disclosure
required by law.
Your responsibilities under the law when faced with a measure in which you have a conflict will vary greatly depending on
whether you hold an elective or appointive position. For this reason, please pay close attention to the instructions on this form
before completing the reverse side and filing the form.
INSTRUCTIONS FOR COMPLIANCE WITH SECTION 112.3143, FLORIDA STATUTES
ELECTED OFFICERS:
A person holding elective county, municipal, or other local public office MUST ABSTAIN from voting on a measure which
insures to his special private gain. Each local officer also is prohibited from knowingly voting on a measure which insures to
the special gain of a principal (other than a government agency) by whom he is retained.
In either case, you should disclose the conflict:
PRIOR TO THE VOTE BEING TAKEN by publicly stating to the assembly the nature of your interest in the measure on
which you are abstaining from voting; and
WITHIN 15 DAYS AFTER THE VOTE OCCURS by completing and filing this form with the person responsible for recording
the minutes of the meeting, who should incorporate the form in the minutes.
APPOINTED OFFICERS:
A person holding appointive county, municipal, or other local public office MUST ABSTAIN from voting on a measure which insures
to his special private gain. Each local officer also is prohibited from knowingly voting on a measure which insures to the special
gain of a principal (other than a government agency) by whom he is retained.
A person holding an appointive local office otherwise may participate in a matter in which he has a conflict of interest, but must
disclose the nature of the conflict before making any attempt to influence the decision by oral or written communication, whether
made by the officer or at his direction.
IF YOU INTEND TO MAKE ANY ATTEMPT TO INFLUENCE THE DECISION PRIOR TO THE MEETING AT WHICH THE VOTE
WILL BE TAKEN:
You should complete and file this form (before making any attempt to influence the decision) with the person responsible
for recording the minutes of the meeting, who will incorporate the form in the minutes.
A copy of the form should be provided immediately to the other members of the agency.
The form should be read publicly at the meeting prior to consideration of the matter in which you have a conflict of interest.
IF Y06 MAKE NO ATTEMPT TO INFLUENCE THE DECISION EXCEPT BY DISCUSSION AT THE MEETING:
You should disclose orally the nature of your conflict in the measure before participating.
You should complete the form and file it within 15 days after the vote occurs with the person responsible for recording
the minutes of the meeting, who should incorporate the form in the minutes.
DISCLOSURE OF LOCAL OFFICER'S INTEREST
I, John Glidden, hereby disclose that on SEPTEMBER 12. 2002:
(a) A measure came or will come before my agency which (check one)
inured to my special private gain; or
X inured to the special gain of our Client. Rob Jacoby and Craig Menin by whom I am retained.
(b) The measure before my agency and the nature of my interest in the measure is a follows:
DOWNTOWN AT THE GARDENS
X02, Qom
Date Filed
Sig ature
NOTICE: UNDER PROVISIONS OF FLORIDA STATUTES §112.317 (1985), A FAILURE TO MAKE ANY REQUIRED
DISCLOSURE CONSTITUTES GROUNDS FOR AND MAY BE PUNISHED BY ONE OR MORE OF THE FOLLOWING:
IMPEACHMENT, REMOVAL OR SUSPENSION FROM OFFICE OR EMPLOYMENT, DEMOTION, REDUCTION IN SALARY,
REPRIMAND, OR A CIVIL PENALTY NOT TO EXCEED $5,000.
MIN P RSONAL OH %P DTNCONF MPD
ra C L